مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 186 (هفته چهارم خرداد 1391)

Cardiac biomarkers are factors that are used in the diagnosis of heart tissue damage and acute myocardial infarction. The main purpose of this study was to compare 3 types of endurance, resistance, and combined exercise on cardiac biomarkers, i.e. cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB), in active men. A total number of 15 healthy active young men with a mean age of 23 ± 1.60 years, mean height of 173 ± 3.75 cm, mean weight of 69 ± 8.74 kg, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of 51.48 ± 1.84 mL/kg.min were selected. Each subject performed the 3 types of exercise with 7-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise and cardiac biomarkers were evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our results indicated that CK-MB increased significantly after resistance, endurance, and combined exercise (pretest value = 20.87 ± 2.39; posttest values = 25.98 ± 3.86, 26.34 ± 4.21, and 27± 2.66, respectively; a = 0.01). However, the 3 types of exercise did not result in significantly different CK-MB levels. CTnT levels did not change significantly after resistance, endurance, or combined exercise [pretest value = 0.65 ± 0.11; posttest values = 0.48 ± 0.11, 0.65 ± 0.11, and 0.77 ± 0.11, respectively; a = 0.01). Nevertheless, cTnT levels were higher after endurance and combined exercise compared to resistance exercise. The results indicated that despite the increased amounts of CK-MB which might have been caused by the nature of exercises and muscle damage due to intense muscular activity, none of endurance, resistance, and combined exercises triggered significant changes in cTnT levels in active men. Therefore, these types of exercise cannot be followed by heart damage.

Microorganisms resistant to both antibiotics and metals have been isolated from nosocomial and urinary tract infection. Most heavy metal-resistant hospital infections including Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) harbor plasmids with different molecular sizes. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of simultaneous occurrence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in Klebsiella isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI). Overall, 144 K. pneumonia strains were isolated from UTI samples in the laboratories of hospitals and clinics. Primary selection of β-lactam-resistant strains was conducted using combined disk and double-disk (DD) synergy methods according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed to detect TEM-1 and SHV-1 genes in resistant strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the heavy metals were determined for Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+. Among the 61.81% antibiotic-resistant strains, 42.69% were β-lactamase producers. After performing PCR, from 38 positive extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) strains, 28.94% of Klebsiella strains harbored SHV gene and 34.21% harbored TEM gene. The highest resistance was to Hg2+ (35 mg/L), Cu2+ (650 mg/L), Pb2+ (350 mg/L), and Cd2+ (200 mg/L). A significant difference was observed between antibiotic-resistant and heavy metals-resistant strains (P = 0.012(. Plasmid-carrying isolates that showed resistant to heavy metals were highly resistant to antibiotics. The results showed that it is possible for the plasmids which carry genes for resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals to be exchanged by bacterial strains.

The purpose of the present study was to compare salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels of female nurses working in emergency wards with those of female hospital clerks. In this descriptive-analytical study, 42 female nurses in emergency wards and 42 female clerks of hospitals were selected. SIgA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collected data was analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The levels of SIgA in nurses and clerks were 338.04 ± 380.93 and 706 ± 354.70, respectively (P < 0.001). SIgA levels had significant differences between 20-29 year-old and 30-39 year-old members of the two groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Moreover, SIgA levels were significantly different between nurses and clerks with different working experience. The results of the current study confirmed that working in stressful emergency environments has a significant relationship with decreased SIgA level. These findings may suggest SIgA as a biomarker of psychological stress.

The purpose of this study was to survey the effects of 4 prevalent sitting habits during study among university entrance exam applicants on postural spinal deformity.

After collecting data regarding sitting habits through interviews and questionnaires, the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their habits. Spinal curvature and degree of scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis were measured by the New York test and a flexible ruler. The obtained data was analyzed by descriptive statics and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Data analyses showed that studying while sitting on a chair was significantly related with kyphosis and forward head (P < 0.05). In addition, sitting on one side or leaning on a pillow had significant relationships with inclined neck and shoulder and scoliosis (P < 0.05). Sitting on the floor and reclining on the book were significantly related with kyphosis (P < 0.05). Lying on the stomach was also found to be significantly associated with lordosis (P < 0.05).

Our results showed that different sitting habits during study had significant relationships with spinal abnormalities. Therefore, university entrance exam applicants can develop spinal abnormalities due to long hours of studying.

Nowadays high accident rates, fractures leading to permanent bone disorders, and the impossibility of bone transplant have made scientists to look for new methods of repairing injured bones. Considering the application of stem cells in bone tissue engineering, there exists the necessity to investigate various culture methods and suitable fields and scaffolds. Thus, we decided to induce adipose-derived stem cells into osteoblast cells in two systems of pellet culture and monolayer and compare osteogenic markers. Stem cells have been separated via mechanical and enzymatic methods and cultured in osteogenic medium. Then, RNA was separated from differentiated cells, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and amplified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was transferred to electrophoresis gel. The intensity of the bands was measured by Image-J software and analyzed by SPSS. Osteocalcin gene expression in differentiated cells in the two culture systems showed no significant difference. Therefore, the expression of osteocalcin gene in both monolayer and pellet systems is the same and acceptable. However, average osteopontin gene in differentiated cells in the two culture systems showed a significant difference. The expression of osteopontin gene in pellet system was more than monolayer systems. This study indicated that pellet and monolayer culture systems are appropriate for bone engineering but osteocalcin and osteopontin gene expressions were different in the two culture system.